Accurate Collision Detection to Pixel level
This code allows accurate collision detection down to pixel level. For use with Sprites, and using API calls to make this fast enough to work with a simple game.
Original Author: BigCalm
API Declarations
'loads (see below).
Code
Type RECT
Left As Long
Top As Long
Right As Long
Bottom As Long
End Type
Declare Function CreateCompatibleDC Lib "gdi32" (ByVal hdc As Long) As Long
Declare Function DeleteDC Lib "gdi32" (ByVal hdc As Long) As Long
Declare Function CreateCompatibleBitmap Lib "gdi32" (ByVal hdc As Long, ByVal nWidth As Long, ByVal nHeight As Long) As Long
Declare Function GetPixel Lib "gdi32" (ByVal hdc As Long, ByVal x As Long, ByVal y As Long) As Long
Declare Function BitBlt Lib "gdi32" (ByVal hDestDC As Long, ByVal x As Long, ByVal y As Long, ByVal nWidth As Long, ByVal nHeight As Long, ByVal hSrcDC As Long, ByVal xSrc As Long, ByVal ySrc As Long, ByVal dwRop As Long) As Long
Declare Function SelectObject Lib "gdi32" (ByVal hdc As Long, ByVal hObject As Long) As Long
Declare Function DeleteObject Lib "gdi32" (ByVal hObject As Long) As Long
Declare Function IntersectRect Lib "user32" (lpDestRect As RECT, lpSrc1Rect As RECT, lpSrc2Rect As RECT) As Long
'-------------------------------------------
' Collision Detection (Sprites)
'-------------------------------------------
' - Acknowledgement here goes to Richard Lowe (riklowe@hotmail.com) for his collision detection
' algorithm which I have used as the basis of my collision detection algorithm. Most of the logic in
' here is radically different though, and his algorithm originally didn't deallocate memory properly ;-)
' - All X/Y/Width/Height values MUST be measured in pixels (ScaleMode = 3).
' - Compares bounding rectangles, and if they overlap, it goes to a pixel-by-pixel comparison.
' This therefore has detection down to the pixel level.
' Function assumes you are using Masking sprites (not an unreasonable assumption, I'm sure you'll agree).
' - e.g. To test if collision has occurred between two sprites, one called "Ball", the other "Bat":
' CollisionDetect(Ball.X,Ball.Y,Ball.Width, Ball.Height, 0, 0, Ball.MaskHdc, Bat.X, Bat.Y, Bat.Width, Bat.Height, 0, 0, Bat.MaskHdc)
Public Function CollisionDetect(ByVal x1 As Long, ByVal y1 As Long, ByVal X1Width As Long, ByVal Y1Height As Long, _
ByVal Mask1LocX As Long, ByVal Mask1LocY As Long, ByVal Mask1Hdc As Long, ByVal x2 As Long, ByVal y2 As Long, _
ByVal X2Width As Long, ByVal Y2Height As Long, ByVal Mask2LocX As Long, ByVal Mask2LocY As Long, _
ByVal Mask2Hdc As Long) As Boolean
' I'm going to use RECT types to do this, so that the Windows API can do the hard bits for me.
Dim MaskRect1 As RECT
Dim MaskRect2 As RECT
Dim DestRect As RECT
Dim i As Long
Dim j As Long
Dim Collision As Boolean
Dim MR1SrcX As Long
Dim MR1SrcY As Long
Dim MR2SrcX As Long
Dim MR2SrcY As Long
Dim hNewBMP As Long
Dim hPrevBMP As Long
Dim tmpObj As Long
Dim hMemDC As Long
MaskRect1.Left = x1
MaskRect1.Top = y1
MaskRect1.Right = x1 + X1Width
MaskRect1.Bottom = y1 + Y1Height
MaskRect2.Left = x2
MaskRect2.Top = y2
MaskRect2.Right = x2 + X2Width
MaskRect2.Bottom = y2 + Y2Height
i = IntersectRect(DestRect, MaskRect1, MaskRect2)
If i = 0 Then
CollisionDetect = False
Else
' The two rectangles intersect, so let's go to a pixel by pixel comparison
' Set SourceX and Y values for both Mask HDC's...
If x1 > x2 Then
MR1SrcX = 0
MR2SrcX = x1 - x2
Else
MR2SrcX = 0
MR1SrcX = x2 - x1
End If
If y1 > y2 Then
MR2SrcY = y1 - y2
MR1SrcY = 0
Else
MR2SrcY = 0 ' here
MR1SrcY = y2 - y1 - 1
End If
' Allocate memory DC and Bitmap in which to do the comparison
hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(Screen.ActiveForm.hdc)
hNewBMP = CreateCompatibleBitmap(Screen.ActiveForm.hdc, DestRect.Right - DestRect.Left, DestRect.Bottom - DestRect.Top)
hPrevBMP = SelectObject(hMemDC, hNewBMP)
' Blit the first sprite into it
i = BitBlt(hMemDC, 0, 0, DestRect.Right - DestRect.Left, DestRect.Bottom - DestRect.Top, _
Mask1Hdc, MR1SrcX + Mask1LocX, MR1SrcY + Mask1LocY, vbSrcCopy)
' Logical OR the second sprite with the first sprite
i = BitBlt(hMemDC, 0, 0, DestRect.Right - DestRect.Left, DestRect.Bottom - DestRect.Top, _
Mask2Hdc, MR2SrcX + Mask2LocX, MR2SrcY + Mask2LocY, vbSrcPaint)
Collision = False
For i = 0 To DestRect.Bottom - DestRect.Top - 1
For j = 0 To DestRect.Right - DestRect.Left - 1
If GetPixel(hMemDC, j, i) = 0 Then ' If there are any black pixels
Collision = True
Exit For
End If
Next
If Collision = True Then
Exit For
End If
Next
CollisionDetect = Collision
' Destroy any allocated objects and DC's
tmpObj = SelectObject(hMemDC, hPrevBMP)
tmpObj = DeleteObject(tmpObj)
tmpObj = DeleteDC(hMemDC)
End If
End Function
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